Acetylcysteine, also known as NAC, is the acetylated form of the amino acid L-cysteine. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement and has been shown to be a versatile and powerful compound that supports health in a variety of ways. NAC is best known for its ability to increase levels of glutathione in the body, one of the most powerful antioxidants that prevents cell damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, NAC is commonly used to support liver function, respiratory health, and promote detoxification. In this article, you'll learn all about the benefits of NAC, how it works in the body, and how to use it safely.

What is acetylcysteine?

Acetylcysteine ​​(NAC) is a modified form of the amino acid L-cysteine ​​that occurs naturally in the human body and plays a key role in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that is essential for detoxifying the liver and protecting cells from oxidative stress. Used both as a drug and as a dietary supplement, NAC is particularly useful in treating respiratory conditions, supporting liver health, and general detoxification [1].

In addition to the name acetylcysteine , NAC is also known as N-acetylcysteine , NAC or simply cysteine . It is often offered in different forms, including powder, capsules, tablets and injections, depending on the intended use [2].

NAC is usually produced synthetically and is widely used in medicine, particularly in the treatment of respiratory diseases and to support liver detoxification. It is also used as a dietary supplement for general health promotion, particularly to increase glutathione levels in the body. Because NAC replenishes the body's supply of glutathione, it plays a central role in protecting against oxidative stress and promoting overall cellular health [3].

Acetylcysteine ​​is produced by acetylation of the amino acid L-cysteine. This means that an acetyl group is added to the cysteine ​​molecule to make it more stable and bioavailable. The finished NAC product is then made into different dosage forms, including capsules, tablets, powders or inhalation solutions, which are used depending on the indication [4].

Health Benefits of NAC

One of the most important health benefits of NAC is its ability to support the liver. NAC is often used to treat liver poisoning, especially in cases of paracetamol overdose, as it replenishes glutathione stores in the liver, thus preventing liver damage. Studies show that NAC can help reduce inflammation and improve liver function in people with chronic liver diseases such as fatty liver or hepatitis [5].

NAC is also known for its ability to loosen mucus in the airways, making it a valuable remedy for respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, COPD and asthma. NAC acts as a mucolytic agent that liquefies mucus and makes it easier to expectorate. It is often used to relieve coughs and airway congestion, especially in people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases [6].

NAC supports detoxification of the body, especially the liver, by increasing glutathione levels. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps remove harmful toxins and heavy metals from the body. NAC is often used in the detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury or lead, as well as to support alcohol consumption or drug addiction, as it supports liver function and reduces oxidative damage [7].

Recent research shows that NAC may also have benefits for the brain. It has neuroprotective properties that may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Research is underway to determine whether NAC may play a supportive role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. In addition, there is evidence that NAC may help alleviate the symptoms of depression and anxiety by regulating glutamate metabolism in the brain [8].

NAC also plays a role in supporting the immune system. By increasing glutathione levels, NAC helps boost the immune system and reduce inflammation. It is often used to improve immune function in people with chronic conditions or to support recovery from illness. In addition, NAC may help reduce oxidative stress caused by infection or disease [9].

How does NAC work in the body?

Acetylcysteine ​​works by increasing glutathione levels in the body. Glutathione is an important antioxidant that protects the body from free radical damage and promotes detoxification of harmful substances. NAC also supports the breakdown of mucus in the respiratory tract and helps detoxify the liver. It has anti-inflammatory properties and protects cells from oxidative stress, making it a valuable tool for supporting overall health [10].

Recommended dosage and use of NAC

The recommended dosage of NAC depends on the specific application, but is typically between 600 and 1,200 mg per day. For respiratory support, 600 to 900 mg per day is often recommended, while for liver support or detoxification, doses of up to 1,200 mg daily can be used. It is recommended to take NAC with plenty of water and ideally with meals to optimize absorption [11].

NAC can be taken at any time of day, but it is often taken in the morning or at lunchtime to support energy and detoxification throughout the day. When used for respiratory support or for chronic conditions, NAC may be taken regularly over a longer period of time for best results [12].

Side effects and safety of acetylcysteine

NAC is considered safe and well-tolerated when taken in recommended doses. It has been used in medicine for decades, especially in emergency medicine to treat liver poisoning. However, people with certain health problems, such as asthma or gastrointestinal diseases, should be cautious and consult a doctor before taking NAC, as it can cause side effects in rare cases [13].

The most common side effects of NAC include mild gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea, diarrhea or stomach cramps, especially at higher doses. In rare cases, skin rashes or allergic reactions may occur. It is recommended to take NAC with food and plenty of water to minimize possible side effects [14].

NAC compared to other ingredients

Both NAC and glutathione are powerful antioxidants, but NAC is a precursor to glutathione and is often preferred because it is better absorbed. While glutathione can be taken directly as a supplement, the body can use NAC more efficiently to increase its glutathione levels. NAC also offers additional respiratory and detoxification benefits [15].

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is another powerful antioxidant that is often used to support liver function and detoxification. Compared to NAC, ALA works in both water- and fat-soluble areas of the body, while NAC is primarily used to boost glutathione levels and support the respiratory system. Both antioxidants can work synergistically to maximize detoxification and cellular protection [16].

Natural sources of NAC

Because NAC is synthetically produced, there are no natural sources of NAC in foods. However, L-cysteine, the amino acid from which NAC is derived, is found in protein-rich foods such as eggs, poultry, meat, dairy products, garlic, and onions. These foods can help increase cysteine ​​levels in the body, while supplements such as NAC directly support glutathione levels [17].

Final Thoughts on NAC

Acetylcysteine ​​(NAC) is a powerful antioxidant that offers numerous health benefits, including supporting liver function, improving respiratory health, and promoting detoxification. It is particularly useful for increasing glutathione levels in the body, which strengthens cellular protection and promotes overall health. Whether taken as a capsule, powder, or gummy, NAC is a versatile supplement that can help people support their health in a variety of ways.

references

[1] Examine.com. N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC). Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/n-acetylcysteine/
[2] WebMD. NAC - Uses and Benefits. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1018/n-acetyl-cysteine
[3] Healthline. N-Acetylcysteine: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nac-benefits
[4] Examine.com. NAC and glutathione. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/n-acetylcysteine/
[5] Mayo Clinic. NAC for Liver Health. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-acetylcysteine/art-20358284
[6] National Institutes of Health. NAC and Respiratory Health. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569995/
[7] Examine.com. NAC and detoxification. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/n-acetylcysteine/
[8] Healthline. NAC for Brain Health. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nac-brain-health
[9] National Institutes of Health. NAC and Immune Support. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569995/
[10] Examine.com. NAC and Cellular Function. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/n-acetylcysteine/
[11] WebMD. NAC Dosage and Usage. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1018/n-acetyl-cysteine
[12] Healthline. NAC Supplements: Dosage and Timing. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nac-dosage
[13] Mayo Clinic. NAC Safety and Side Effects. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-acetylcysteine/art-20358284
[14] WebMD. NAC Side Effects and Safety. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1018/n-acetyl-cysteine
[15] Examine.com. NAC vs Glutathione. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/glutathione/
[16] Examine.com. NAC vs. Alpha Lipoic Acid. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/alpha-lipoic-acid/
[17] National Institutes of Health. Natural Sources of Cysteine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569995/