Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronic acid , sodium hyaluronate or hyaluronan , is a popular and heavily researched substance in skin care and joint health. As a major component of connective tissue, hyaluronic acid plays a crucial role in retaining moisture and maintaining tissue structure. Hyaluronic acid is often used in cosmetics, dietary supplements and medical applications to hydrate the skin, reduce wrinkles and support joint function. In this article, you will learn everything you need to know about hyaluronic acid, its health benefits and how to use it safely.

What is hyaluronic acid?

Hyaluronic acid is the sodium form of hyaluronic acid, a natural polysaccharide found in large quantities in the skin, connective tissues and joints. Hyaluronic acid is known for its ability to bind water – up to 1,000 times its own weight. These moisture-binding properties make it an essential ingredient in skin care products and supplements to support joint health [1].

In addition to “sodium hyaluronate” and “hyaluronan,” hyaluronic acid is often referred to as sodium salt of hyaluronic acid , sodium hyaluron , or simply hyaluronic acid . Although these terms differ slightly, they essentially describe the same substance in different forms, with sodium hyaluronate being the water-soluble and more stable form used in many skin care products and medical applications [2].

Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in our bodies, particularly in the skin, eyes and joints, where it acts as a lubricant and moisturizer. Today, industrially, hyaluronic acid is mostly produced through biotechnological processes in which bacteria are fermented to produce hyaluronic acid. This is then converted into its sodium form, which is more stable and easier to use for cosmetic and medical applications [3].

Hyaluronic acid is produced through fermentation, using specific strains of bacteria to produce hyaluronic acid. This biotechnological process allows hyaluronic acid to be produced in large quantities in an environmentally friendly and sustainable way. The resulting hyaluronic acid is then converted into sodium salt form, which improves stability and solubility, allowing it to be used in creams, serums, injectables and dietary supplements [4].

Health Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin. It binds water in skin cells and helps strengthen the moisture barrier, resulting in smoother, plumper, and more radiant skin. Many skin care products contain sodium hyaluronate because of its ability to penetrate the skin quickly and is particularly effective when applied topically [5]. Regular use can reduce the visibility of fine lines and wrinkles and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

Due to its ability to bind large amounts of water, hyaluronic acid plays a crucial role in maintaining a youthful complexion. As we age, the natural levels of hyaluronic acid in the skin decrease, leading to dryness and wrinkles. Hyaluronic acid can help compensate for this loss by making the skin plumper and smoother, thereby reducing the signs of aging [6].

Hyaluronic acid is also an important component of cartilage and synovial fluid, where it acts as a lubricant and supports joint mobility. Hyaluronic acid is often used in injections to relieve pain from osteoarthritis and improve joint function by replenishing synovial fluid and reducing inflammation [7]. It is also taken as a dietary supplement to support joint health and promote mobility.

Hyaluronic acid also promotes wound healing by maintaining skin moisture and stimulating the growth of new skin cells. It can be used in the treatment of wounds, burns and skin irritations as it reduces inflammation and accelerates skin regeneration [8]. Ointments and gels containing hyaluronic acid are often used to support the healing of skin damage.

In ophthalmic medicine, hyaluronic acid is often used in eye drops to treat dry eyes. Because it can bind water, it helps to retain moisture on the surface of the eye, relieving irritation and dryness. Hyaluronic acid eye drops provide long-lasting moisture and comfort, especially for people who spend a lot of time in front of screens or suffer from dry eyes [9].

How does hyaluronic acid work in the body?

Hyaluronic acid works by binding water, thus maintaining moisture in the skin, joints and other tissues. It improves skin hydration, replenishes synovial fluid and supports wound healing by having anti-inflammatory and cell-regenerating effects. Thanks to its water-binding properties, hyaluronic acid helps protect cells and maintain tissue function [10].

Recommended dosage and application of hyaluronic acid

The recommended dosage of hyaluronic acid depends on the method of use. In skin care products, sodium hyaluronate can be found in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%, while supplements typically contain between 50 and 200 mg per day. For joint injections, the dosage is determined by a doctor, but is typically around 20 mg per injection [11]. It is recommended that hyaluronic acid be used regularly for optimal results.

Hyaluronic acid can be applied several times a day as needed. Skin care products containing hyaluronic acid are best applied in the morning and evening to keep the skin hydrated throughout the day. Supplements can be taken at any time of the day, preferably with a meal to promote absorption [12].

Side effects and safety of hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid is considered to be very safe and well tolerated, both when applied topically and when taken orally. Since it is a natural substance in the body, there are very few reports of allergic reactions or side effects. However, hyaluronic acid injections for joint treatment should only be performed by a qualified doctor to avoid infections or complications [13].

Side effects are extremely rare when hyaluronic acid is used topically. In rare cases, slight skin irritations may occur, especially on very sensitive skin. Injections may cause temporary pain, swelling or redness at the injection site. Gastrointestinal complaints rarely occur with dietary supplements [14].

Hyaluronic acid compared to other ingredients

Both hyaluronic acid and collagen support skin and joint health, but they work in different ways. While hyaluronic acid hydrates the skin and acts as a lubricant for joints, collagen is a structural protein that supports skin firmness and elasticity. Both can be taken together to slow skin aging and improve joint function [15].

Glycerin and hyaluronic acid are both commonly used in skin care products to increase skin hydration. While glycerin draws water from the environment into the skin, hyaluronic acid binds water within skin cells. Hyaluronic acid is often the preferred choice because of its ability to bind larger amounts of water and reach deeper layers of the skin [16].

Natural Sources of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in the human body, especially in the skin, joints and eyes. However, there are no foods that contain a relevant amount of hyaluronic acid. Therefore, hyaluronic acid is produced through biotechnological fermentation and used in dietary supplements or skin care products. However, foods that can support the production of hyaluronic acid in the body are bone broth, oranges and green leafy vegetables [17].

Final Thoughts on Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is an essential substance for moisturizing the skin, protecting joints and supporting wound healing. Whether in the form of skin care products, dietary supplements or joint injections, hyaluronic acid offers numerous benefits for general well-being. For people who want to hydrate their skin, slow down the aging process or improve their joint function, hyaluronic acid is a valuable supplement.

references

[1] Examine.com. Hyaluronic Acid. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/hyaluronic-acid/
[2] WebMD. Sodium Hyaluronate - Uses and Benefits. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1065/sodium-hyaluronate
[3] Healthline. Hyaluronic Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/hyaluronic-acid
[4] Examine.com. Hyaluronic Acid and Skin Health. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/hyaluronic-acid/
[5] Mayo Clinic. Hyaluronic Acid for Skin Moisture. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-hyaluronic-acid/art-20363400
[6] National Institutes of Health. Hyaluronic acid and anti-aging. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30634465/
[7] Examine.com. Hyaluronic Acid for Joint Health. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/hyaluronic-acid/
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[9] National Institutes of Health. Hyaluronic Acid for Eye Health. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878757/
[10] Examine.com. Hyaluronic Acid and Cellular Function. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/hyaluronic-acid/
[11] WebMD. Hyaluronic Acid Dosage and Usage. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1065/sodium-hyaluronate
[12] Healthline. Hyaluronic Acid Supplements. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/hyaluronic-acid-supplements
[13] Mayo Clinic. Hyaluronic Acid Safety and Side Effects. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-hyaluronic-acid/art-20363400
[14] WebMD. Side Effects of Hyaluronic Acid. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1065/sodium-hyaluronate
[15] Examine.com. Hyaluronic Acid vs. Collagen. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/collagen/
[16] Healthline. Hyaluronic Acid vs. Glycerin. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/hyaluronic-acid-vs-glycerin
[17] National Institutes of Health. Foods That Support Hyaluronic Acid Production. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878757/