Echinacea purpurea, also known as purple coneflower, is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly to boost the immune system and ward off colds. The extract from this plant, derived from the roots, leaves, and flowers, has become a popular dietary supplement to support the immune system and accelerate recovery from infections. In this article, you'll learn all about the benefits of Echinacea purpurea extract, how it works, and how to use it safely.
What is Echinacea purpurea?
Echinacea purpurea is a perennial herb native to North America, where it grows wild. It belongs to the daisy family (Asteraceae) and is known for its striking purple flowers. The plant has been used in traditional Native American medicine for centuries, particularly for the treatment of wounds and infections. Today, the plant's extract is primarily used to strengthen the immune system and prevent and treat colds [1].
Where does Echinacea purpurea come from?
Echinacea purpurea is native to the prairies and open woodlands of North America and was originally used as a medicinal plant by indigenous peoples. It grew wild in the United States and Canada and was valued for its medicinal properties. The plant is now cultivated worldwide to meet the growing demand for Echinacea extracts for immune support [2].
How is Echinacea purpurea extract produced?
Echinacea purpurea extract is obtained from the leaves, flowers, and roots of the plant. These plant parts are dried and then extracted in a process that often uses ethanol or water. The resulting extract contains a variety of active ingredients such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and caffeic acid derivatives, which are responsible for the plant's immune-boosting properties. Echinacea extract is available in various forms, including capsules, tinctures, and tablets [3].
Health benefits of Echinacea purpurea
Echinacea and the immune system
The most well-known benefit of Echinacea purpurea extract is its ability to boost the immune system. Studies show that the extract increases the activity of white blood cells, which play a key role in fighting infections. Echinacea may help shorten the duration and severity of colds and flu by accelerating the body's immune response. It is often taken preventively to reduce the risk of infection [4].
Echinacea purpurea and inflammation
Echinacea purpurea also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation in the body. This property is particularly useful in treating respiratory infections, but also inflammation caused by injury or chronic conditions. The active compounds in Echinacea, particularly the flavonoids and alkamides, have anti-inflammatory effects and can thus help relieve symptoms [5].
Echinacea and respiratory infections
Echinacea purpurea is a popular remedy for treating respiratory infections such as colds, bronchitis, and sore throats. The extract helps relieve the symptoms of these infections and speeds up recovery. Studies suggest that regular consumption of Echinacea can reduce the risk of catching a cold by up to 58% and shorten the duration of the illness by approximately 1 to 4 days [6].
Echinacea and skin health
In addition to its immune-boosting properties, Echinacea purpurea is also used to support skin health. The extract can help treat skin problems such as eczema, acne, and wounds due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Applying Echinacea extracts to the skin can promote healing and reduce inflammation [7].
If you are interested in which nutrients are also good for your skin and at the same time support energy and heart health, then take a look at this article: Niacin – Vitamin for Energy, Skin & Heart .
How does Echinacea purpurea work in the body?
Echinacea purpurea works by supporting the immune system on several levels. The plant's active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, alkamides, and caffeic acid derivatives, increase the activity and number of white blood cells responsible for fighting pathogens. Furthermore, echinacea stimulates the production of interferons, which activate the immune system and inhibit viral replication. The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also help reduce swelling and inflammation caused by infections [8].
Recommended dosage and use of Echinacea purpurea
What is the recommended dosage?
The recommended dosage of Echinacea purpurea extract depends on the application method. For the prevention of colds and to support the immune system, doses of 300 to 500 mg of extract per day, divided into several doses, are generally recommended. For acute colds or infections, higher doses of up to 1,200 mg per day can be used to strengthen the immune system [9]. It is recommended not to take Echinacea for longer than 8 weeks at a time to avoid overstimulation of the immune system.
When should you take Echinacea purpurea?
Echinacea purpurea can be taken preventively to support the immune system during cold and flu season. For the treatment of acute infections, the extract should be taken at the first sign of a cold or flu to accelerate the immune response. It is recommended to take Echinacea after a meal to avoid potential stomach upset [10].
Side effects and safety of Echinacea purpurea
Is Echinacea purpurea safe?
Echinacea purpurea is generally considered safe when taken in recommended doses. It is a natural herb that has been used for centuries without major side effects. However, people with allergies to plants in the daisy family, such as chamomile or calendula, should be cautious, as they may have an allergic reaction to echinacea [11]. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before taking echinacea.
What are the side effects of Echinacea purpurea?
Possible side effects of Echinacea purpurea include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or stomach pain, especially at high doses. In rare cases, allergic reactions such as skin rashes or breathing difficulties may occur. People with autoimmune diseases should consult a doctor before taking Echinacea, as the plant stimulates the immune system and could worsen existing conditions [12].
Echinacea purpurea compared to other ingredients
Echinacea purpurea vs Vitamin C
Both Echinacea purpurea and vitamin C are commonly used to support the immune system, but they work in different ways. While Echinacea directly stimulates immune cells, vitamin C helps strengthen the body's defenses and neutralize free radicals. Both can work synergistically and be taken together to support immune function during cold season [13].
Echinacea purpurea vs. zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a key role in immune system function, particularly in fighting infections. While echinacea increases immune cell activity, zinc acts as an antioxidant and helps maintain immune function. Both can be used together to prevent colds and speed up recovery [14].
Natural sources of Echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea grows primarily in the prairies of North America and is now cultivated in gardens and fields worldwide. The plant's leaves, roots, and flowers are used medicinally. There are no foods that contain echinacea in significant amounts, so it is usually taken as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, teas, tinctures, or tablets [15].
Final thoughts on Echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea is a proven natural remedy that has been used for centuries to boost the immune system. It offers a natural and safe way to prevent colds and flu-like infections and reduce their duration and severity. Whether in the form of capsules, teas, or gummies, Echinacea can be a valuable supplement to support the immune system and promote health.